An anal fistula is a tunnel that runs from within the anus (the hole your body uses to expel solid waste) to somewhere in the skin surrounding it. It usually occurs after an infection that did not heal properly. Your doctor can repair the fistula, but it will require surgery. Several fluid-producing glands are located just inside your anus. They can become blocked or clogged at times. When this happens, bacteria can accumulate and form a swollen pocket of infected tissue and liquid. This is referred to as an abscess by doctors. If the abscess is not treated, it will spread. It will eventually make its way to the outside and punch a hole in the skin near your anus to allow the gunk inside to drain. The tunnel that connects the gland to the opening is known as a fistula. A fistula is usually caused by an abscess. It's uncommon, but they can also be caused by tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases, or an ongoing bowel illness like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Because there is no medication to treat the condition, surgery is used. The procedure is typically performed in a doctor's office or clinic. You will not be required to visit the hospital. The doctor will cut open the skin and muscle surrounding the tunnel for a simple fistula that isn't too close to your anus. This allows the opening to heal from within.
To close the fistula, they may use a plug. In the case of a more complicated fistula, the doctor may insert a tube known as a seton into the opening. This aids in the drainage of infected fluid prior to surgery. It could take up to 6 weeks. Depending on the location of the fistula, your doctor may have to cut into the sphincter muscles that open and close your anus. They will make every effort not to harm them, but you may find it difficult to control your bowels after the procedure.
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